The Vacuum Stack

The whole stack, from a single seal to the largest machine.

A reference base in open access. Every figure is rated by source: official, manufacturer, or to be confirmed.

  1. 01 Regimes & Pumps The master abacus of vacuum regimes, then the full pump family from rough to ion. Read →
  2. 02 Gauges Pirani, capacitance, Penning, Bayard-Alpert, extractor. Ranges, principles, limits. Sourced A/B/C. Read →
  3. 03 Seals & Materials Elastomer vs metal (CF), flanges, outgassing, the triple point, behavior under high voltage. Read →
  4. 04 Tubes & Klystrons From the dispenser cathode to the megawatt klystron. Active vacuum devices. Read →
  5. 05 The Big Machines From the photoinjector to the synchrotron, the FEL, up to the largest accelerator in the world. Read →